The Square Circle Clinic, NALSAR

Our team’s substantive analysis of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) provides an in-depth analysis of the final enacted versions of all three pieces of legislation. The brief was published first under Project 39A, National Law University Delhi. The three Bills were proposed as replacement for the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), the Criminal Procedure Code 1973 (CrPC) and the Indian Evidence Act 1872 (IEA) respectively. The Bills, which had been sent to a Parliamentary Standing Committee, were withdrawn and reintroduced in Parliament to incorporate some of the PSC’s suggestions. On December 21, 2023, the reintroduced bills were passed in Parliament. They received Presidential assent on December 25, 2023 and came into force on July 1, 2024.